I think it completely goes against the simple reading of the Torah to say that there were men created before Adam.
I don't beleive Judaism subsribes to the notion of cavemen at all. I'd be willing to consider otherwise if someone can product any legitimate Rabbinic commentary that says otherwise.
Just because there are skeletons of what appear to be cavement by no means proves that they lived or walked the earth. The Rabbis teach that G-d did many things in the creation of the world to test our faith in Him. One of those things was likely the bones of cavemen and dinosours. But G-d could have just as easily created the ground with those items in them. This is no more far fetched than the belief that G-d created the ground itself.
If they existed, they were not considered man. Because Adam was the first man
I do not have the book here, but one of Gerald Shroeder`s 3 books mentions a passage in the talmud about creatures that looked like man but were not man. No doubt thee were females ones too, since I think it says Adam had sex with them. (I guess at one point the only law was not to eat from the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil).
when I say shroeder`s 3 books.. (I just checked google images since i remember the covers)
genesis and the big bang
the science of G-d
the hidden face of G-d
"genesis and the big bang" was good.. a critique of parts of it is here
http://www.dovidgottlieb.com/comments/CommentsGenesisBigBang.htm"The science of G-d" I think that is the one that mentions this.. about creatures before Adam.. It finds it mentioned in the talmud and mentions the reference.
"The hidden face of G-d". very boring in that I didn`t see much torah in it, just biology..showing intelligent design..
Gerald Shroeder is now a rabbi
R’ Yaakov (”Gerald”) Shroeder’s (he was referred to like that on aishdas,so I guess he is orthodox!)