Another passage from Rabbi Yihya Gafekh.
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[The following is from] Zohar (a"k ziy‘xa): "And G-d said: 'Let us make man in our
image, according to our likeness (Gen. 1:26). 'The secret of the Lord is to those who
fear Him'. Ps. 25:14). That Old One of the Old (oiaqc ‘aq) began and said: 'Shimon,
Shimon, who is the one who 'said' in the verse and G-d said; who is this G-d? In the
meantime that Old One of the Old flew away, and he (R. Shimon) did not see him.
And when R. Shimon heard that he called him 'Shimon, Shimon' and not 'Rabbi
Shimon', he said to his companions: 'Surely this is the Holy One, blessed be He (d"aw)
of whom it is said (Daniel 7:9): And one that was ancient of days did sit (oinei wizre
aizi) (Commentary of jln ycwn: The Old One of the Old -- oiaqc ‘aq -- is Attik, as R.
Shimon ben Yohai says below that Abba and Imma are called Old Ones, mipwf, while
Attik and Arikh are called the Old Ones of the Old, oiaqc ‘aq, and R. Shimon ben
Yohai knew that [in this case] the reference was to Attik and not to Arikh.)
Now is the time to begin [to explain] this secret, for surely there is here a secret that [until
now] was not permitted to be revealed. He began and said: It is compared to a king
who had many edifices to build, and the builder did nothing without the permission of
the king ... All the edifices that were produced in the manner of Atziluth, Abba spoke
to Imma: 'Let it be thus and thus', and immediately it came to pass. As it is said: And
G-d said: Let there be light, and there was light. And He said, He said to G-d (ded
midl‘l xn‘): Let there be light, the master of the edifice -- he said, and the builder
made it immediately. And so too with all the edifices in the manner of Atziluth, he
said: Let there be a firmament, Let there be lights (‘n idi), and all was made
immediately. When coming to the world of separation (‘cexitc ‘nlr) which is the
world of separated things, the builder said to the master of the edifice: Let us make
man in our image, according to our likeness. The master of the edifice said: 'Indeed it
would be good to make him, but he is destined to sin before you, for he is a foolish
son,' as it is written (Proverbs 10:1): A wise son maketh glad a father, but a foolish
son is the grief of his mother.
Whereupon she (Imma) said: "Since his sin relates to
Imma, and not to Abba, I want to create him in my image," as it is written: And G-d
created man in His image; but Abba did not want to participate in his (i.e., man's)
[creation]. At the time that he (i.e., man) sinned what is written: and for your
transgression was your mother sent away (Isaiah 50:1).
The king (Abba) said to
Imma: "Did I not say to you that he is destined to sin?" At that time he (Abba) drove
him (man) away, and he drove away Imma with him. Therefore it is written: A wise
son maketh glad a father, this refers to man in the manner of Atziluth (Commentary
of : Man of Atziluth is Ze'er of Atziluth), and a foolish son, this refers to man of
Beriah (Commentary of jln ycwn: This is Adam Harishon -- Adam)". End of
quotation from Zohar.
Earlier comment of jln ycwn: "The builder refers to Imma who
said to Abba: Let us make man Thus: And G-d, i.e., Imma, said to Abba: Let us make
man. This is unlike all the other instances of and [G-d] said in the Chapter of
Creation, in which the meaning is: And Abba said to G-d, who is Imma (Binah), for
Abba says and Binah makes it."
Commentary of dbp iaiay: "From this passage [of Zohar] the implication is that the
Holy One, blessed be He (d"awd) Himself, so to speak, did not agree to the creation of
man, but that the Shechinah implored that man should be her lot."
It is clear from the preceding that the Holy One,blessed be He that is called Attik was
revealed to R. Shimon in his Beth Midrash in the form of a very old man, for which
reason R. Shimon called him the Old One of the Old (oiaqc ‘aq),as explained above
by jln ycwn, and it was this Holy One, blessed be He that is called Attik, who gave
permission to R. Shimon to reveal an interpretation of the Torah which says that the
Holy One, blessed be He that is called Imma said to the Holy One, blessed He that is
called Abba: "Let us make man in our image, according to our likeness etc."
Thus, it has been made clear that Attik is called "the Holy One, blessed be He (d"aw),
and so too Abba; Imma is referred to as midl‘ and Abba too is called midl‘, as well as
the Holy One, blessed be He (d"awd)" In the entire Chapter of Creation Abba says to
Imma "Let there be thus and thus," and she (Imma) makes it. But in the case of Let us
make man, Imma said to Abba Let us make man, but Abba did not agree to the
creation of man. Whereupon Imma said to him (to Abba): "What difference does it
make to you? If he should sin, he would sin to me, not to you," as it is written: and a
foolish son is the grief of his mother. And when Adam sinned by eating from the tree
of knowledge, he (Abba) drove him (Adam) out together with her (Imma), as it is
written: and for your transgressions was your mother sent away.
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Also Zohar a"r ,a"k:
R. Shimon continued and said: "See now that I, even I, am He, and there is no G-d
with Me (Deut. 32:39) -- said he (R. Shimon):
Companions! Hear ancient secrets that I wish to reveal now that supernal permission
has been granted to reveal them. Who is it who said: "See now that I, even I, am He:"
This is the Cause of all causes! The one who is called the 'Cause of Causes' refers to
the Cause of one of those causes who does nothing without receiving permission from
the cause above him. (Commentary of jln ycwn in the name of Ari in mihewld xtq:
The "Cause of all causes" -- Adam Kadmon is called the Cause of all causes. But
when we speak of "Cause of causes", it is applicable to every Partzuf, which is called
so because he is the cause of the causes below him. But when we speak of the "Cause
of all causes," it refers to Adam Kadmon, who is the first of the Partzufim). [In the
case of Cause of causes, who does nothing without permission from the cause above
him, it is] as we have interpreted above with reference to "Let us make man. Let us
make surely was said by two, i.e., one said to the one above him Let us make, for he
made nothing until he received permission from the one above him; the one above
him, in turn, did nothing until taking counsel with his companion.
But the one who is
called the "Cause of all causes", above whom there is no cause, and below whom no
cause is equal to him, as it is said (Isaiah 40:25): And to whom will ye liken Me, that I
should be equal, saith the Holy One, it is he who said See now that is, even I, am He,
and there is no G-d with Me with whom to take counsel in the manner of the one of
whom it is said: And G-d said: Let us make man. (end of quotation from Zohar).
Thus it is clear from the Zohar and its commentaries, jln ycwn in the name of Ari,
etc., that the G-d who gave permission to R. Shimon ben Yohai to interpret things
that one is forbidden to think, enumerates multiple divinities: he [who gave
permission to R. Shimon] is the G-d called Attik (Ancient One), who is not the same
as he who said to Israel: See now that I, even I, am He etc. For the G-d who said: See
now that I, even I, am He is Adam Kadmon, who is the first Cause of all the
Partzufim (Configurations of Sefiroth), and he has no one from whom to receive
permission.
And the G-d who said: Let there be light; Let there be a firmament; Let
the waters be gathered together etc, is Abba.
And the one who said: Let us make man
in our image is Imma, who said to Abba: Let us make man; but the G-d Abba did not
agree to the creation of man, Whereupon Imma said to Abba: "What difference does
it make to you? If he should sin, he would sin to me, and not to you, as it is said: ...
and a foolish son is the grief of his mother (Prov. 10:1), not the grief of his father."
Thereupon man was created without the wish of Abba, as explained by dbp iaiay; for
had Abba agreed to the creation of man, he would not have driven away Imma with
man when he sinned. Surely, then, Abba did not agree to this [creation], as stated in
Zohar: "And he (Abba) did not want to participate [in the creation of man] etc."
Therefore he drove man out of Gan Eden together with Imma.
The true Israelite is seized with very great trembling at the words of the philosopher
(the author of the Zohar) with regard to these matters: the interchange of divinities
mentioned here, and the assignment of the [Divine] pronouncements, by which the
world was created, to divinities distinct from one another!
Sanhedrin 38b: "Wherever the minim (sectarian heretics) seek support for their heresy,
their refutation is near by 'Let us make man in our image, according to our likeness'
[is followed by] 'And G-d, created (i.e., ‘xaie, singular) man in His image; 'come let
us go down, and there confound their language (Gen. 11:7) [is preceded by] And the
L-rd came down (i.e., cxie,singular) to see the city etc. (ibid. v. 5). ..."
But the passage of Zohar quoted above states: "Let us make surely was said of two:,
and goes on to explain that Imma said to Abba Let us make man, and she did as she
wished and created man without the agreement of Abba, as explained above in the
name of dbp iaiay. Is this not the opinion of the sectarian heretics who seek support
for their heresy that there are multiple divinities, and each does as he wishes?!
Zohar, c"q sc glya zyxt on the verse (Ex. 17:7) "Is Hashem (Y-H-W-H) in our midst,
or not (oi‘)? Zohar asks: "Were the Israelites fools etc.? But they wanted to know
whether ‘nizq ‘wizr (nameless Ancient One) called oi‘ (Ayin, Nothing) [was in their
midst] or Ze'er Anpin called Hashem. For this reason it is not written: Is Hashem in
our midst or not (‘l), as it is written (Ex. 16): "whether they will walk in My law or
not (‘l)". (Note: Grammatically, the negative of yid, Is [Hashem in our midst], is oi‘,
whereas the negative of jlid, whether they will walk is ‘l, i.e., jli ‘l m‘; ‘l could not
have been used as the negative of yid -- author.)
The Israelites said: If it is this one
(nameless Ancient One), we will petition in a certain manner, and if it is this one
(Hashem, Y-H-W-H) we will petition in another manner. For this reason it is stated
immediately following: And Amalek came. (The Commentary of qitel i"xdn explains
that Zohar means that our ancestors wanted to know who was leading them and
performing all these miracles: whether G-d who is called Ze'er Anpin and by the
Tetragrammaton, or Ayin (nothing), who is called Attik (the Ancient One). They
sought this information in order to serve him in the proper manner: if Ze'er Anpin in
one manner, and if Attik in a different manner. For there is a difference between
service and service, and between intention and intention. They remained in doubt
until they heard: "I am the L-rd thy G-d." Then they knew that it was Ze'er Anpin).
From all the statements of Zohar and its commentaries mentioned above it it clear that
they call each of the Partzufim (Configurations of Sefiroth) of Atziluth by the
Tetragrammaton, and Lord and G-d, and they they have chosen to serve the last
Partzuf, i.e., Ze'er Anpin. They say that to En Sof (the Infinite) and to all the
[Sefirotic] Partzufim that emanate from En Sof no service nor prayer is applicable,
and that one who prays to them is not answered, because, of their great exaltedness.
How much more so the [Sefirotic] Partzufim of the worlds above the world of
Atziluth ...! Only to [the Sefirotic Partzuf] Ze'er Anpin do service, prayer and calling
to him in time of trouble apply. For he is the central pillar that connects all the powers
above and below, inasmuch as Abba and Imma gave him dominion over all things
created, and they commanded that we serve him and bless him. He alone, in their
opinion, is Hashem our G-d.
This is clear from Zohar a"r ‘"vw sc wla zyxt, which, with the commentary of ycwn
jln in parentheses, reads as follows: He that withholdeth corn (xa), the people (mF‘l)
shall curse him, (Prov. 11:26), the secret of this matter is written in an exalted secret.
What is his name, and what is the name of his son, if thou knowest (Prov. 30:4). That
name is known (Jer. 31:35) The L-rd of hosts is His name (jln ycwn: "i.e., Abba");
the name of his son, Israel is his son (jln ycwn: "i.e., Ze'er Anpin"), for it is written
(Ex. 4:22): My son, my first-born is Israel. All the keys of faith are suspended from
this Israel, and he (this Israel) boasts and says: (Ps. 2:7) The Lord said unto me: Thou
art My son (jln ycwn: i.e, Ze'er Anpin says that Abba, who is called "the L-rd of
hosts," said to me: Thou art my son). This is surely so, for Abba and Imma have
crowned him and blessed him with many blessings, and have said and commanded all
(Psalms 2:12): s©p¡‘¤i o ¤ R x ©a Ew § W©p (Translation of Jewish Publication Society based on
Targum and Rashi: Do homage in purity lest He be angry. Christian translation: Kiss
the Son -- x ©a -- lest He be angry. Zohar continued:) Kiss (or worship) this son (=Ze'er
Anpin); it is as if dominion has been given to him over all, that all should worship
him. Lest he be angry, because he has been crowned with stern judgment (‘pic) and
mercy (ingx); whoever succeeds through stern judgment -- through stern judgment;
whoever through mercy -- through mercy. All blessings of above and below ascend to
that son (xa) and form a crown. And whoever withholds blessings from this son, his
sins shall be specified before the holy king (variant reading: the holy mother, ‘ni‘
‘yicw) -- the mother (‘wiic) actually (jln ycwn: "i.e., Binah")." End quote from Zohar.
(Note: The specification of sins before "the holy mother -- Binah -- as punishment for
one who does not worship and bless the son, Ze'er Anpin, is a play on Proverbs 11:26
which reads mF‘l EdEaT§ i¦ xA¨ rpen (literally: He that withholdeth corn (xA), the people
(mF‘l) shall curse him (EdEaTi¦). Corn (xA¨ ) is taken as son; curse (EdEaTi¦) is taken as
specifying, as in Numbers 1:17: who were specified by name, zenyA EaT§ p¦ xy‘ --
author)."
Thus, clearly the Zohar calls Abba "the Lord of hosts", and Ze'er Anpin is called "the
son of Abba and Imma," and he (Ze'er Anpin) is called by the four-lettered Name in
many places in the Zohar. [It is also clearly stated in the Zohar] that Abba and Imma
gave Ze'er Anpin the power and the dominion over all things created, and that they
(Abba and Imma) commanded [all] to serve him (Ze'er Anpin) and that all our
blessings and prayers are directed only to him and become a crown unto him (Ze'er
Anpin). [Our prayers and blessings are directed] not to Abba and Imma, not to Arikh
Anpin, not to Attik, not to Adam Kadmon, who is called the Cause of all causes, and
not to Adam Kadmaah, in whose circles all the worlds above Atziluth where brought
into being (see fnxe d"c e"hw ziy‘xa jln ycwn), and certainly not to En Sof, who is
distant and much exalted above all, and to whom the kabbalists say no service, prayer
and blessing are applicable. ...
Also Rabbi Hayyim Vital in ‘i ’t llkd xry miig ur xtq writes that "Moses said to
Israel who were entering the land [of Israel]: And ye that did cleave unto the L-rd
your G-d are alive every one of you this day" (Deut. 4:4), the Lord your G-d is Ze'er
Anpin and his Female ..."
Also a"i sc jln ycwn: "... If one directs himself to En Sof, because of His exaltedness
above any name or point that can limit Him, his prayer is not a prayer. He should
rather direct himself to Him (En Sof), as He is clothed in His attributes (i.e., in His
Sefiroth) ..." (emphasis added).
How greatly astonished must be the reader who cleaves to the Torah of Moshe
Rabbenu d"r,Written and Oral, and who is proficient in it, i.e., in the Mishnah, the
Talmud and the Midrashim of the Sages, and who sees the words of the Geonim, the
saintly author of the zeaald zeaeg (Duties of the Heart), R. Yehudah Hallevi, Rabbenu
Saadyah Gaon, Rambam in his [various] works, R. Eliezer of Worms in [his] Rokeah,
the lecb zevn xtq, the ohw zevn xtq, the author of the Ikkarim and similar works that
speak of the Unity of Hashem, blessed be He, according to its true meaning,
according to the Received Teaching of our Sages (l"fg zlaw itk), the Transmitters of
the Received Torah (drenyd iwizrn)!
How greatly must the heart of the reader
tremble and be moved when he hears the array of multiple divinities that have
multiplied in Israel from the beginning of the sixth millenium on the part of some
authors. And from generation to generation since the aforementioned time this belief
has grown greatly, i.e. the belief in [a hierarchy of] of many Causes, one above the
other, so that when one of the Causes wants to create something, he takes counsel
with and receives permission from the Cause that is above him as it is clearly and
explicitly stated in the Zohar (a"k ziy‘xa) i.e., that each one of the Causes receives
permission from the Cause above it: Malkhuth from Ze'er, Ze'er from Imma, Imma
from Abba, Abba from Arikh, Arikh from Attik and Attik from Adam Kadmon. For
he (Adam Kadmon) is the head of all the [Sefirotic] Partzufim of Atziluth, and he
alone says: See now that I, even I, am He, and there is no G-d with me; for he does
not need to receive permission from Adam Kadmaah who is above him. And in all the
Act of the Creation the creating king was Abba, called in the Zohar "the exalted
King" (d‘lr ‘kln), whereas Imma is the architect. And at the time of the creation of
the first man (Adam) Abba did not want to create him; because he was destined to
sin. (Whereupon Imma responded to him (Abba): "Since his sin is in relation to me,
as it is written and a foolish son is the grief of his mother, it is no concern of yours,"
as stated there (i.e., in the Zohar ibid.) and in jln ycwn.
Our Sages were very strictly opposed to anything that leads to the belief in multiple
divinities, and they said: "He is to be silenced. So what good does it do to declare:
"and all are one," after having enumerated many Causes who receive permission each
from the Cause above him. As if we were commanded to declare: "One" with our
mouths, though in our minds they be multiple divinities.