I always wondered why that is. I mean 5,000 years ago, there were no computers, websites, tv's or movies or even a radio.
If they had existed then, the rabbis would have forbade use of them on Shabbat then.
Since they didn't yet exist, then only once they were invented could the rabbis determine whether or not they fall under the laws and categories of forbidden work which is not allowed on Shabbat and Yom Tov and were outlined for us already in Written and Oral Torah. And since they do fall within these prohibited forms of work as set out by Torah, they are forbidden by Jewish law to use on the Shabbat or Yom Tov. It's pretty straightforward.
Any new invention that comes out will be subject to the same question of whether or not the use of the invented item involves forbidden "creative work" (aka melacha) that is therefore forbidden on Shabbat. When the invention can be used without doing such work, then it's not forbidden. For one example, a "Shabbos lamp" if you've ever seen one of those, is not forbidden. Because the light is put on before Shabbos, and then it stays on throughout the duration of shabbat. You only turn the outer shell which then blocks the light physically in the inner chamber of the device, without opening the circuit as you would to shut off a light in a normal case. So, such a thing can be used. You just turn the outer shell to let the light into the room or block it out, all the while the light stays lit. These are all based on the technical activities being employed to use the particular things, and are not simply the banning of things because they are new. New is not wrong. Creative work, as set out by the Torah, is forbidden on Shabbat.
On the example of the newspaper: There's nothing wrong with reading a newspaper. There may be some issue with bringing into the house a newspaper that was delivered on the Shabbat itself (or on Yom Tov) related to muktzeh ( a different prohibition). But supposing the newspaper was from the previous day, I don't understand the urgency to read about something happening 100's of miles away. If you have no ability to save lives involved from reading that story, then no one has to shoot themselves in the foot over the fact that they didn't read the story until after Shabbat (or in this case Yom Kippur) ended. Certainly there is no permission to do melacha (forbidden work) in response to what is happening with let's say Iran and Israel, unless you can somehow do something that will save Jewish lives. Announcing on a microphone doesn't save anything. Was your father's rabbi a reform or conservative "rabbi" ? They do not follow Jewish law.