Author Topic: From papyrus to cyberspace: Israel to make Dead Sea Scrolls available online  (Read 4160 times)

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Offline MarZutra

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From papyrus to cyberspace: Israel to make Dead Sea Scrolls available online
Rory McCarthy in Jerusalem
Wednesday August 27 2008
guardian.co.uk


Scientists and scholars in Jerusalem have begun a programme to take the first high-resolution, digital photographs of the Dead Sea Scrolls so they can be made available to the public on the internet.

The Israel Antiquities Authority this week ends a pilot project that prepares the way for a much larger operation to photograph the 15-20,000 fragments that make up the 900 scrolls which were discovered 60 years ago by shepherds in caves close to the Dead Sea.

The scrolls were first photographed in the 1950s, after their discovery, and have since then been kept in specially monitored conditions in a vault in Jerusalem. Only four specially-trained curators are allowed to handle them.

Now, in a project that could take five years and will cost millions of dollars, the fragments will be photographed first by a 39-megapixel colour digital camera, then by another digital camera in infra-red light and finally some will be photographed using a sophisticated multi-spectral imaging camera, which can distinguish the ink from the parchment and papyrus on which the scrolls were written.

Eventually all the fragments will be available to view online, with transcriptions, translations, scholarly interpretations and bibliographies provided for academic study. "The aim in the end is that you can go online and call up the scrolls with the best possible resolution and all the information that exists about them today," said Pnina Shor, head of the Artefacts Treatment and Conservation Department at the antiquities authority. "We want to provide opportunities for future research on the scrolls. We feel it's part of our duty to expose them to the world as a whole."

Written around 2,000 years ago, the scrolls contain the oldest written record of the Tanach. They contain almost all the Tanach books, often with more than one copy of each, as well as other religious material that came afterwards and writings from a religious sect dating to the time of Jesus. They are written in Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek, mostly on parchment, with some written on papyrus, both of which are extremely fragile and brittle and which age and darken over time.

The work is carried out under particular conditions in a small laboratory, with chilled air and walls painted grey to provide the correct light. Among those helping are Simon Tanner, an academic from King's College, London, who has worked on more than 500 other digitalisation projects around the world, and Greg Bearman, a retired scientist who worked at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology and with NASA.

Already the work has brought to light new revelations about the scrolls. The new infra-red photography has picked out letters that had not previously been visible to the naked eye. "The ink stays dark and the leather becomes light and suddenly you can see text that you may no have been able to see," said Tanner. "We have revealed some text that has not been previously seen by scholars." The detailed colour photographs of papyrus fragments may help to identify pieces that fit together and to identify fragments written by the same scribes. Scholars hope this new information might enable them to piece together more of the fragments and so come closer to putting complete sections of the scrolls together.

The imaging spectroscopy, borrowing a technology used by NASA, will for the first time allow the condition of the scrolls to be properly monitored, including their water content, in a non-invasive way and to aid conservation by detecting any changes in the scrolls before they become visible to the curators.

Copyright Guardian Newspapers Limited 2008

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"‘Vehorashtem/Numbers 33:53’: When you burn out the Land’s inhabitants, you will merit to bestow upon your children the Land as an inheritance. If you do not burn them out, then even if you conquer the Land, you will not merit to allot it to your children as an inheritance." - Ovadiah ben Yacov Sforno; Italian Rabbi, Biblical Commentator, Philosopher and Physician.  1475-1550.

Offline decimos

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this is great news.we can then see how the communities lived back then.
And that prophet, or that dreamer of dreams, shall be put to death; because he hath spoken perversion against the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, and redeemed thee out of the house of bondage, to draw thee aside out of the way which the LORD thy God commanded thee to walk in. So shalt thou put away the evil from the midst of thee.Deuteronomy 13:5.

Offline Ulli

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This is really great.It is already published, the first volumes are pulished in 1964 and then followed year after year all together 30 volumes. But the price is very high.

Look here:

http://www.zvab.com/refineQuickSearch.do?anyWords=Discoveries+in+the+Judaean+Desert&lastXDays=-1&submit=Suchen

So everybody will have access to it. There are so much crazy stories around this discovery. I hope this insanity will end if all is free accessable.  :)
« Last Edit: August 28, 2008, 06:30:47 PM by Pheasant »
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Offline Tzvi Ben Roshel1

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Waist of time.
The Academy of Elijah taught, whoever studies the laws (of the Torah) every day, (he) is guaranteed to have a share in the World to Come.

‏119:139 צִמְּתַתְנִי קִנְאָתִי כִּישָׁכְחוּ דְבָרֶיךָ צָרָי
My zeal incenses me, for my adversaries have forgotten Your words.
‏119:141 צָעִיר אָנֹכִי וְנִבְזֶה פִּקֻּדֶיךָ, לֹא שָׁכָחְתִּי.
 I am young and despised; I have not forgotten Your precepts.

" A fool does not realize, and an unwise person does not understand this (i.e. the following:) When the wicked bloom like grass, and the evildoers blossom (i.e. when they seem extremly successful), it is to destroy them forever (i.e. they are rewarded for their few good deeds in this World, and they will have no portion in the World to Come!)

Please visit: (The Greatest lectures on Earth).
http://torahanytime.com/
http://www.torahanytime.com/Rabbi/Yossi_Mizrachi/
http://www.torahanytime.com/Rabbi/Zecharia_Wallerstein/

Offline MarZutra

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Waist of time.
In my opinion, the scrolls are more than a miracle they illustrate perfectly to our "oh so modern progressive", scoffing and impudent world the great great Truth and wisdom given to mankind from the Maker of the World.  How about this for consistency... In 1948 T.S. Eliot, the poet and Catholic, in an interview with the Time magazine quoted one of the leading Christian scholars of his day Wilhelm Gesenius, that the reason why Isaiah was attributed to have called the restorer of Jerusalem and the Temple by the name of Cyrus, and it would be this Cyrus who would be king of the Persian-Median Empire, was because the Bible was written long after that date during Roman times.   That the Jewish school-men who wrote the "Tanach" could make it look like authentic prophesy because they wrote it after the fact and claimed it was written by Isaiah (Isaiah 2 they like to claim) .  This was typical for the majority of Christians at that time, Eliot was one of their leading Catholic intellectual knights and it was a given that he would imply that the Jewish people were religious charlatans and deceivers who had rejected Christ. (What Eliott and many Christians could not understand was that even Jesus as a Jew in obedience to Torah law would have rejected Christ because it was proscribed by the Torah that Jews had to see the Divine in a format that was commanded at Mt. Sinai.  The Rabbis had determined that Christianity with its trinity was a lawful form of the Divinty to the gentiles, but would be idol worship for Jews because it was not their subjective experience, in other words God does not condem Christians for the crucifix and the image of christ when done by gentiles, but it would be idolatry for Jews to do so as it was what was said by Him to them at Mt. Sinai.)   
 
In 1947 while tensions were mounting between the Arabs and Jews in Palestine, Elazar L. Sukenik , professor of archeology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem received a phone call from a friend  , an Armenian who dealt in antiquities.  The Armenian asked Sukenik to look at a piece of  leather parchment with writing on it, and determine its age.  Sukenik immediately recognized the parchment as being pre-Greek aged Hebrew of which he was the expert, and asked if there were more such pieces.  He was told that an Arab antiquities dealer in Bethlehem had entire scrolls.  On the morning of November 29th After a perilous bus trip into Arab territory with his friend, Sukenik  was taken to the attic of  the Arab dealer’s house and shown three scrolls that had been found in a cave by Bedouins.  After reading a few sentences of what Sukenik recalled as “ a regally beautiful Biblical Hebrew” , he agreed to buy the scrolls for the university along with the jars they came in , if he could have time to examine them closely and assess their value, the Arab dealer agreed, and Sukenik hurried back to Jerusalem with those scrolls.   

One of the jars contained the full “Visions of  Isaiah”  (Cha-zon Yee-shy-hoo)  Sukenick’s first description of the philology of the script was; the writer is a man of great power, his elocution  is from the upper class, his writing style has the marks of a man who rules other men by his written words, certain terms of diction  as the Hebrew  word phe-tee-geel, (to stuff your gut) are only in pre – First Temple Hebrew.  Twenty years after a sample of the scroll was dated by Carbon 14 dating and gave the scroll a 8th century BCE age, Ten years later the jar was Strontium/Cesium dated and also gave it a 8th century BCE age.   

From Jewish sources we know Yee-Shy-hoo ben Amoz (Isaiah son of Amos) was born into the Kohanim class (he was a direct descendant of Aaron) and was on staff with the diplomatic service during the rules of Uzziah, Jotham. Ahaz, and Hezekiah.  He was an authentic Mosaic prophet, and was recognized in his lifetime as being the real McCoy.  (To be a authentic Mosaic prophet you can’t be right 9 out of 10 times, you have to be always 10 out of 10 right, all the time).  We know he witnessed King Sennacherib’s siege of Jerusalem, and the annihilation of the 185,000 man Assyrian army by the Blast of the Almighty’s nostrils in 701 BCE. And there is a reference in the Gemara on “witnesses”   that mentions sealing documents for later exhumation.  Rabbi Schtimetz thinks the Isaiah scroll was probably buried in about 690 BCE a few years before Yee-shy-hoo’s death (he was murdered) in 686 BCE.

So this jar with the full megillah (scroll book) by Isaiah sits today in the museum at the University of Jerusalem where it is on public display behind the glass of its a preservation chamber.  That it dates by three independent methodologies to a time of about 120 years before the Babylonian destruction of Solomon’s temple, is accepted as beyond doubt.  (Of all the 3,300 scroll books that have been found near the dead sea it is the only one with such an early date, the vast majority date to the second temple times, and there are four scrolls in the hands of the Rockefeller foundation which date to 4th century BCE.) The full scroll has all 66 parshot (chapters) and at the end of the 44th chapter it says "Hay   Omer   le Koresh   roe-ee ve chal   che-phe-shee  yaa-sheleem,  ve-lomer   le yerushalim  tee-baa-neh  ve-esay-ye-chal   tee-vaa-said" (That saith of Cyrus, He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure: even saying to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and to the temple, Thy foundations shall be laid).  There it is for all to see in a scroll written hundred and seventy years before Cyrus King of the Persian Medes empire issued his decree which allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the temple.   It is ironic almost delicious and poetic that it was the "Cha-zon Yee-shy-hoo" scroll that managed to fall into Israel's hands just on the very eve of partition and the start of the relentless war by the Arabs to destroy the Jewish state.  The state of Israel today has control of only the scrolls it obtained on that day.   The rest of the thousands of scrolls, despite being written by Jewish writers in Hebrew and found in the Judean wilderness, are under the control of a academic trust controlled by a board with members from the Catholic Dominican order (the Dominicans have been the most relentless enemies of the Jewish people for the last 900 years), Aramco, the Rockefeller foundation, and members of the Jordanian and Saudi Governments.  It is an object lesson to all that this scroll's characters, letters, vowels, its every mark is identical to the same copies which exist today in torah scrolls in every synagogue the world over, with no differences.  Isaiah soothed Israel with the promise that Israel will be vindicated a hundred years before the first exile occurred and foreseeing the second exile as though it was past-tense. 

Dr Sukenik's own description of how he came home that night and  eagerly began to decipher the first of the Dead Sea Scrolls is full of a irony beyond the roots of coincidence.   On the same day in Flushing Meadow New York the newly founded United Nations were voting on the UNSCOP recommendation to partition Palestine and create a Jewish state.  As Sukenik recalled while he worked in his study, his youngest son, Mati, in the next room was listening to a radio broadcast of the scene developing at the UN.  As the speeches began, Sukenik was painstakingly at work on a scroll not previously known to exist.  Sukenik’s labour was interrupted from time to time by his son’s calling out the votes from that historic session.  As the two-thirds  majority was finally reached favoring partition, Sukenik was absorbed in an engrossing passage.  Written in an age when the Jewish people still resided in their homeland, it was part of a prophetic hymn foretelling both their exile and their eventual return.  “I was driven from my home like a bird from its nest…I was cast down, but raised up again”  the scroll foretold the triumph of the “Sons of Light over the Sons of Darkness”  It was as though the scrolls lay dormant as long as Jewish sovereignty over the land was in abeyance.  And the fact that the greatest manuscript discovery of all times were read on that very historic night, marks an Author who is beyond time. 

The lesson here is Only the timeless have the final say.  Our Torah's author is the Terrific Singularity, yes there are human writers but what entered the Tanach (it is what we call the Tanach from Genesis to Chronicles) was decided by the Author, through the last of Israel's prophets Ezra the Scribe (him and Malachi were contemporaries and acknowledged as authentic prophets).  Every Hebrew letter in Cha-zon Yee-shy-hoo is copied the same in our scrolls today as they were first written 2,700 years ago, just as the Five Books of Moses are the identical to the first thirteen scrolls done by Moses himself  3,482 years ago.  There are no doubt words written by others since then, which were divinely inspired, but it is only the Chumash that is Divine.  Sir Isaac Newton who was a graduate of Theology from Trinity, and always studied his bible in Hebrew, also came to the same conclusion, that the New Testament had been tampered with by the frailty of human minds, whereas the Tanach was beyond the shadow of a doubt the Word of God.   Isaac Newton the founder of all our most rigorous sciences, his warning and his council to everyone who sought a real understanding of the world he said "there are only two real sources of truth in this world one the "Tanach" the Hebrew's Bible, the other Nature, there are no others".

This is facinating in my opinion.... 
"‘Vehorashtem/Numbers 33:53’: When you burn out the Land’s inhabitants, you will merit to bestow upon your children the Land as an inheritance. If you do not burn them out, then even if you conquer the Land, you will not merit to allot it to your children as an inheritance." - Ovadiah ben Yacov Sforno; Italian Rabbi, Biblical Commentator, Philosopher and Physician.  1475-1550.

Offline muman613

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Waist of time.
In my opinion, the scrolls are more than a miracle they illustrate perfectly to our "oh so modern progressive", scoffing and impudent world the great great Truth and wisdom given to mankind from the Maker of the World.  How about this for consistency... In 1948 T.S. Eliot, the poet and Catholic, in an interview with the Time magazine quoted one of the leading Christian scholars of his day Wilhelm Gesenius, that the reason why Isaiah was attributed to have called the restorer of Jerusalem and the Temple by the name of Cyrus, and it would be this Cyrus who would be king of the Persian-Median Empire, was because the Bible was written long after that date during Roman times.   That the Jewish school-men who wrote the "Tanach " could make it look like authentic prophesy because they wrote it after the fact and claimed it was written by Isaiah (Isaiah 2 they like to claim) .  This was typical for the majority of Christians at that time, Eliot was one of their leading Catholic intellectual knights and it was a given that he would imply that the Jewish people were religious charlatans and deceivers who had rejected Christ. (What Eliott and many Christians could not understand was that even Jesus as a Jew in obedience to Torah law would have rejected Christ because it was proscribed by the Torah that Jews had to see the Divine in a format that was commanded at Mt. Sinai.  The Rabbis had determined that Christianity with its trinity was a lawful form of the Divinty to the gentiles, but would be idol worship for Jews because it was not their subjective experience, in other words G-d does not condem Christians for the crucifix and the image of christ when done by gentiles, but it would be idolatry for Jews to do so as it was what was said by Him to them at Mt. Sinai.)   
 
In 1947 while tensions were mounting between the Arabs and Jews in Palestine, Elazar L. Sukenik , professor of archeology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem received a phone call from a friend  , an Armenian who dealt in antiquities.  The Armenian asked Sukenik to look at a piece of  leather parchment with writing on it, and determine its age.  Sukenik immediately recognized the parchment as being pre-Greek aged Hebrew of which he was the expert, and asked if there were more such pieces.  He was told that an Arab antiquities dealer in Bethlehem had entire scrolls.  On the morning of November 29th After a perilous bus trip into Arab territory with his friend, Sukenik  was taken to the attic of  the Arab dealer’s house and shown three scrolls that had been found in a cave by Bedouins.  After reading a few sentences of what Sukenik recalled as “ a regally beautiful Biblical Hebrew” , he agreed to buy the scrolls for the university along with the jars they came in , if he could have time to examine them closely and assess their value, the Arab dealer agreed, and Sukenik hurried back to Jerusalem with those scrolls.   

One of the jars contained the full “Visions of  Isaiah”  (Cha-zon Yee-shy-hoo)  Sukenick’s first description of the philology of the script was; the writer is a man of great power, his elocution  is from the upper class, his writing style has the marks of a man who rules other men by his written words, certain terms of diction  as the Hebrew  word phe-tee-geel, (to stuff your gut) are only in pre – First Temple Hebrew.  Twenty years after a sample of the scroll was dated by Carbon 14 dating and gave the scroll a 8th century B.C.E. age, Ten years later the jar was Strontium/Cesium dated and also gave it a 8th century B.C.E. age.   

From Jewish sources we know Yee-Shy-hoo ben Amoz (Isaiah son of Amos) was born into the Kohanim class (he was a direct descendant of Aaron) and was on staff with the diplomatic service during the rules of Uzziah, Jotham. Ahaz, and Hezekiah.  He was an authentic Mosaic prophet, and was recognized in his lifetime as being the real McCoy.  (To be a authentic Mosaic prophet you can’t be right 9 out of 10 times, you have to be always 10 out of 10 right, all the time).  We know he witnessed King Sennacherib’s siege of Jerusalem, and the annihilation of the 185,000 man Assyrian army by the Blast of the Almighty’s nostrils in 701 B.C.E.. And there is a reference in the Gemara on “witnesses”   that mentions sealing documents for later exhumation.  Rabbi Schtimetz thinks the Isaiah scroll was probably buried in about 690 B.C.E. a few years before Yee-shy-hoo’s death (he was murdered) in 686 B.C.E..

So this jar with the full megillah (scroll book) by Isaiah sits today in the museum at the University of Jerusalem where it is on public display behind the glass of its a preservation chamber.  That it dates by three independent methodologies to a time of about 120 years before the Babylonian destruction of Solomon’s temple, is accepted as beyond doubt.  (Of all the 3,300 scroll books that have been found near the dead sea it is the only one with such an early date, the vast majority date to the second temple times, and there are four scrolls in the hands of the Rockefeller foundation which date to 4th century B.C.E..) The full scroll has all 66 parshot (chapters) and at the end of the 44th chapter it says "Hay   Omer   le Koresh   roe-ee ve chal   che-phe-shee  yaa-sheleem,  ve-lomer   le yerushalim  tee-baa-neh  ve-esay-ye-chal   tee-vaa-said" (That saith of Cyrus, He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure: even saying to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and to the temple, Thy foundations shall be laid).  There it is for all to see in a scroll written hundred and seventy years before Cyrus King of the Persian Medes empire issued his decree which allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the temple.   It is ironic almost delicious and poetic that it was the "Cha-zon Yee-shy-hoo" scroll that managed to fall into Israel's hands just on the very eve of partition and the start of the relentless war by the Arabs to destroy the Jewish state.  The state of Israel today has control of only the scrolls it obtained on that day.   The rest of the thousands of scrolls, despite being written by Jewish writers in Hebrew and found in the Judean wilderness, are under the control of a academic trust controlled by a board with members from the Catholic Dominican order (the Dominicans have been the most relentless enemies of the Jewish people for the last 900 years), Aramco, the Rockefeller foundation, and members of the Jordanian and Saudi Governments.  It is an object lesson to all that this scroll's characters, letters, vowels, its every mark is identical to the same copies which exist today in torah scrolls in every synagogue the world over, with no differences.  Isaiah soothed Israel with the promise that Israel will be vindicated a hundred years before the first exile occurred and foreseeing the second exile as though it was past-tense. 

Dr Sukenik's own description of how he came home that night and  eagerly began to decipher the first of the Dead Sea Scrolls is full of a irony beyond the roots of coincidence.   On the same day in Flushing Meadow New York the newly founded United Nations were voting on the UNSCOP recommendation to partition Palestine and create a Jewish state.  As Sukenik recalled while he worked in his study, his youngest son, Mati, in the next room was listening to a radio broadcast of the scene developing at the UN.  As the speeches began, Sukenik was painstakingly at work on a scroll not previously known to exist.  Sukenik’s labour was interrupted from time to time by his son’s calling out the votes from that historic session.  As the two-thirds  majority was finally reached favoring partition, Sukenik was absorbed in an engrossing passage.  Written in an age when the Jewish people still resided in their homeland, it was part of a prophetic hymn foretelling both their exile and their eventual return.  “I was driven from my home like a bird from its nest…I was cast down, but raised up again”  the scroll foretold the triumph of the “Sons of Light over the Sons of Darkness”  It was as though the scrolls lay dormant as long as Jewish sovereignty over the land was in abeyance.  And the fact that the greatest manuscript discovery of all times were read on that very historic night, marks an Author who is beyond time. 

The lesson here is Only the timeless have the final say.  Our Torah's author is the Terrific Singularity, yes there are human writers but what entered the Tanach (it is what we call The Tanach from Genesis to Chronicles) was decided by the Author, through the last of Israel's prophets Ezra the Scribe (him and Malachi were contemporaries and acknowledged as authentic prophets).  Every Hebrew letter in Cha-zon Yee-shy-hoo is copied the same in our scrolls today as they were first written 2,700 years ago, just as the Five Books of Moses are the identical to the first thirteen scrolls done by Moses himself  3,482 years ago.  There are no doubt words written by others since then, which were divinely inspired, but it is only the Chumash that is Divine.  Sir Isaac Newton who was a graduate of Theology from Trinity, and always studied his bible in Hebrew, also came to the same conclusion, that the New Testament had been tampered with by the frailty of human minds, whereas The Tanach was beyond the shadow of a doubt the Word of G-d.   Isaac Newton the founder of all our most rigorous sciences, his warning and his council to everyone who sought a real understanding of the world he said "there are only two real sources of truth in this world one the "Tanach " the Hebrew's Bible, the other Nature, there are no others".

This is facinating in my opinion.... 


Hi Marzutra,

Yes, that is indeed very amazing. Did you write that? It is very good.

muman613
You shall make yourself the Festival of Sukkoth for seven days, when you gather in [the produce] from your threshing floor and your vat.And you shall rejoice in your Festival-you, and your son, and your daughter, and your manservant, and your maidservant, and the Levite, and the stranger, and the orphan, and the widow, who are within your cities
Duet 16:13-14

Offline MarZutra

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Toda roba ve Shabbat Shalom chavar!! Actually, much of what was factually correct was presented, however fictionized as base, by Leon Uris within his book "The Hajj".  I had wished to respond factually using the facts from a collection of email interactions between myself and one of my very learned friends.  Collected and compiled the needed facts and presented it here on the forum...
« Last Edit: August 29, 2008, 12:07:09 PM by MarZutra »
"‘Vehorashtem/Numbers 33:53’: When you burn out the Land’s inhabitants, you will merit to bestow upon your children the Land as an inheritance. If you do not burn them out, then even if you conquer the Land, you will not merit to allot it to your children as an inheritance." - Ovadiah ben Yacov Sforno; Italian Rabbi, Biblical Commentator, Philosopher and Physician.  1475-1550.

Offline Kahane-Was-Right BT

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I was not aware that something dated so early was found within the 'dead sea scroll' findings.... I thought it was merely the writings of the 2century ce breakaway essene sect.   They were not your standard Jewish community of that time.   But some of their texts were the same as the ones in mainstream Jewish areas.   Others were not.