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Richard Kuper, London-based spokesman for European Jews for a Just Peace, alleged that Israel has carried out "grave breaches" of the Fourth Geneva Convention; agreed in 1949, it sets out the rights of people under foreign occupation. He contended that Israel has been singled out for 'special treatment' by both the EU and the U.S. Unlike other countries in the surrounding region, Israel has been allowed to develop nuclear weapons and has not been held to account for ignoring UN Security Council resolutions. Kuper criticised the European Union's Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia in Vienna (now renamed the Fundamental Rights Agency) for equating criticism of Israel with anti-Semitism. In 2005, the Monitoring Centre produced a list of six examples of what could be considered as anti-Semitism. Five of these related to comments about Israel. He called on the agency to rethink that definition and make it clear that criticism of Israel's human rights violations is not tantamount to a blanket hatred of Jews. "Importing the Middle East conflict into Europe is the worst thing for Jews in Europe and for Muslims in Europe," he told IPS. "It goes without saying that we are totally opposed to anti-Semitism, as we are to all forms of racism. We are deeply concerned by any evidence of its revival, such as attacks on cemeteries, synagogues or individuals, attacked because they are identified as Jewish. "Nonetheless, we are not impressed by attempts to define a 'new anti-Semitism' in which Israel as the 'collective Jew' occupies centre-stage. It seems to us that a concerted attempt is underway to make any criticism of Israel suspect."