Time to ban plastic bags?
Sunday Star Times | Sunday, 20 January 2008
Kiwis are cutting back on plastic bag use, but is it enough? Emma Page investigates.
Six months into a campaign designed to slash supermarket plastic bag use, retailers say they're on target to cut consumption by 20% as global initiatives to ban the bags gain traction.
Kiwi shoppers plough through more than a billion bags a year, using roughly one bag a day each. Precious oil resources are used to produce the disposable bags and once used they take up space in landfill, make unsightly litter and kill marine animals.
The success of the Make a Difference supermarket campaign will be known in February. The campaign will measure whether consumers are reducing their bag use or switching to reusable alternatives.
Unlike Australia, New Zealand has no plans to completely ban plastic bags or charge consumers for them. Industry leaders and the government say voluntary schemes are best.
Retailers say three out of four Kiwis don't support a ban, and AC Nielsen research shows people would rather be reminded to cut down on bags than pay a tax. But grass root movements want change. They say a ban or levy on every bag would motivate shoppers and slash the numbers of bags released into the environment.
In Tasman district at the top of the South Island, the Golden Bay Bag Ladies have been vocal about the issue for three years, helping Collingwood become New Zealand's first plastic bag-free town in 2005.
Campaigner Nicola Basham says now is the time for New Zealand to follow overseas examples, especially as the country gears up to host World Environment Day in June.
"Wouldn't it be great if New Zealand would actually step up to the plate. It looks good... because it's got so much grass, but how about actually acting green and being part of the movement that is trying to get people to shop sustainably."
Globally, bans on plastic bags are growing with 40 countries, states and cities from Hong Kong to Zanzibar implementing or considering bans.
Last week China, whose citizens use three billion bags a day, pledged to ban the bags by June. Australia's new environmental minister, Peter Garrett, intends introducing a levy or banning bags by the end of the year. Other countries like Ireland have imposed a levy on bags, reducing use by 90% since 2002.
In New Zealand official efforts to cut bag use is made through the Packaging Accord 2004 a voluntary agreement between the government, industry, recyclers and councils to reduce the environmental impacts of packaging. Participating retailers, including supermarket chains, The Warehouse and Bunnings, have agreed to a 20% reduction in shopping bags by mid-2009.
Since 2005, Progressive Enterprises' supermarkets, Foodtown, Countdown, Woolworths, SuperValue and Fresh Choice, have cut plastic bag consumption by about 42 million bags, clocking up an 11.2% reduction. The sale of reusable eco-bags grew by 837%.
At Foodstuff's Pak 'N Save, New World and Four Square plastic bag use has been cut by more than 45 million over the past two years.
Other initiatives include the Green Party's Waste Minimisation Bill, introduced to parliament in 2006, and currently before a select committee. The bill is expected to pass this year and will encourage a reduction in the amount of waste produced and set up legal ways of imposing levies on waste to landfill.
The bill does not directly deal with plastic bags, but Greens' co-leader Jeanette Fitzsimons says the party would support a substantial levy of about $1. Fitzsimons says the bigger issue is waste management, but reducing bag use is a good step that encourages people to think environmentally.
Many Kiwis are already taking action. In Auckand, the Waitakere City Council is considering a ban, while Kaikoura is aiming to be the first bag-free district in New Zealand. About 25 retailers there are asking for donations for plastic bags. Wanaka also has a campaign, with 30% of lakeside retailers plastic bag-free and 40% of locals take their own bags to the supermarket. Online campaign like BagNOT calls for a levy on all bags.