Federal agencies made $125 billion in improper payments last year, including tax credits to people who didn’t qualify, Medicare payments for treatments that might not be necessary, and unemployment benefits for people who were actually working, says a government report released Monday.

The level of improper payments was a new high after several years of declines. In addition to fraud, the errors included overpayments and underpayments, as well as payments made without proper documentation.

While the errors were spread among 22 federal agencies, three programs stood out: Medicare, Medicaid, and the Earned Income Tax Credit.

Together, the three programs accounted for more than $93 billion in improper payments, according to the report by the Government Accountability Office, the investigative arm of Congress.

“This taxpayer money was not spent securing our borders, it was not spent on national defense, and it was not spent contributing to a safety net for those in need,” said Sen. Ron Johnson, R-Wisc., chairman of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. “This is a problem that is going to get worse year after year if we do not get a handle on it now.”

Johnson’s committee held a hearing Monday on reducing improper payments by improving death records maintained by the Social Security Administration. Social Security has no death records for 6.5 million people who would be at least 112 years old, according to a report by the agency’s inspector general.

In reality, only a few could possibly be alive. As of last fall, there were only 42 people known to be that old in the entire world.

Only 13 of the people are still getting Social Security benefits, the report said. But for others, their Social Security numbers are still active, so a number could be used to report wages, open bank accounts, obtain credit cards or claim fraudulent tax refunds.

Social Security maintains a database of people who have died, called the Death Master File, or DMF. It helps public agencies and private companies know when Social Security numbers are no longer valid for use.

“Their absence from the DMF could result in erroneous payments made by federal benefit-paying agencies that rely on the DMF to verify recipient eligibility,” said Patrick P. O’Carroll Jr., the Social Security inspector general. “It could also hinder state and local government and private industry — banks, insurance companies, and others — from identifying identity theft and other types of fraud.”

The federal government’s increase in improper payments comes after three years of steady declines. The level previously peaked at $121 billion in 2010 before dropping to $106 billion for the 2013 budget year.

The Obama administration says reducing improper payments is a priority.

“While progress has been made over the years, the time has come for a more aggressive strategy to reduce the levels of improper payments we currently are seeing,” said David Mader, the controller at President Barack Obama’s budget office.

Mader outlined several items in Obama’s proposed budget for next year. They include programs to reduce fraud and abuse in Medicare and Medicaid, as well as budget increases at the IRS to combat tax fraud.