Yes, Arabic and Hebrew both stem from Aramaic. I don't know if it would be as similar as Italian to Spanish.. maybe more like Italian to French.
Hebrew preceded Aramaic. Adam used Hebrew to name the animals.
I thought the Torah and Talmud were written in Aramaic?
I think you have to differ between the language and the font at least in the case of the Torah.
Old Hebrew was written in the old-Hebrew font. Look here:
Todays Hebrew is a font that developed from the Aramaic.
I hope this is correct.
Talmud was written later so it could be written in Aramaic.