The commandment to circumcise Jews is "cut the "orla"" with orla being the bottom of your ear. Talmud gives you the vowels so you can read that sentence in all the ways it's supposed to be read, and explains the details of circumcision and why the foreskin is referred to as the bottom of the ear here.
Along came a group that decided they don't like some of Talmud, the Tzadukim or Saducees. That part cool, but for instance they decided you can't leave your lights on during the sabbath, because that's making fire. They also said well Torah says you should see the "tzitzit" - ritual prayer shawl with knotted fringes, so they make the four cornered shirt and then nail it to their wall and never actually wear it like Talmud says you have to, cause probably the dude didn't like it or whatever. They all died out because they were dumb, and we eat a traditional stew called "chullent" for whiteish Jews and "dafina" for browish Jews that we leave cooking all night long and then eat it warm in the morning and just let the stove stay on until nightfall, because Jews decided that would be a totally hilarous and awesome way to troll the Saducees because they had to sit in the dark and eat cold food.
A millennium or so later, some disagreeable politician in the exile somewhere near Russia decided he didn't like when Rabbis could tell him what to do, so he said he's reviving the Saducces and calling it Karaties now, and some of their stuff he takes, some he doesn't, he's the rabbi and people don't have to listen to Rabbis anymore that aren't him. They became snitches to get the nations to put restrictions on Orthodox Jews and not them so they could get more members, but obviously they just put them on them too eventually. One story was a king was hearing a snitch, so he said kay, I'll decide which of you Jews to oppress. Make a debate. The big Rabbi in the area didn't think it was worth his time, so he sent a student to go debate the Karaite snitch. The Jew walked in with his shoes in his hand, so snitch screamed "you see why we hate them king? He doesn't even trust you not to steal his shoes, oppress him please". The Jew said "It's not you king, I'm afraid the Karaite will steal my shoes because when Moses left his shoes to see the burning bush, a Karaite snuck in a stole them". "LIAR!", screamed snitch, "you see they lie get them [G-d forbid], we karaties have only been around for a few hundred years!". The Jew said "yeah, our tradition goes back to Moses, and like you said, you just showed up". King said "both of you get out" and the snitch didn't go annoy him anymore. There's like maybe 10k Karaites left in the world, and that's only because they made up that Judaism goes by the father and not the mother, so you can bring cash to a strip club and try to make a ton of "Jews". We don't marry them because of the doubt but if they say "we will be real Jews now" then we just make them say something and it's OK, we look in their family history in the religious courts and check to see it's real Jews and not like a guy donated his seed and "made" a billion schmews that aren't Jews because Talmud says they aren't.
Talmud was written by Rabbis that would make Rambam and Einstein sound like children, and a bunch of them were prophets as a side job. A bunch of them are in the actual Tanach (bible - Catholic stuff + not corrupted translation/text) and Catholics and their spin-offs like those guys. Talmud also has the debates on which book to include in Tanach, and Catholics like very much that they decided to use those particular books, and many books, like the book of Enoch, are not included in Tanach because the information may not be relevant to every generation or some other reason. However, Talmud also says that being a Jew is good and their religion is bad, because we still write more books in it now, so they aren't fans of it and say it is "satanic" and a lie. This would of course mean their entire translation of "the "old" testament" is a lie but they don't know very much about it.
To illustrate clearly, if you have not read Tanach in Hebrew, any other language in the world, you have only ever read a bunch of Rabbis opinions on what the most simple translation of a word is. However, many words in Torah are supposed to be vocalized several different ways to change the meaning of the sentence, and sometimes there are completely different words like orla that they just put the correct understanding of it, foreskin. My personal favorite Talmudic story proves that. Miriam was told to go throw the Jewish babies she was taking care of into the nile by the Egyptians. Torah then writes that Poua carried them away. The English/Mandarin/language that isn't Hebrew translation of that biblical verse is always Miriam and there is no poua. Rashi gives a deeper explanation of the Talmud's ruling here by saying that Miriam was given the honorary title "Poua" in the world of truth that everyone is filled with the greatest reverence for, because she cared about the happiness of the babies more than her own by saying "Poo Poo" so they would giggle. Look at that for a second, and think that when you also take care of a baby you do the same and look deeper. G-d forbid anyone should have a Nazi tell them to go kill a baby, now in that situation you are running and sneaking and hiding so the Nazi doesn't see you. Maybe Miriam was sacred of Nazis, but she seems way too incredibly hardcore for that. Either way, she cared more that they were happy, so she said "poo poo" and made the babies giggle in their Nazi faces. Remember now that a ton of Jewish babies were just thrown in the nile and people were sad. Here comes Miriam, we're all supposed to be the slaves of the Egyptians, and she's bringing them the comforting happiness of the laughter of children in direct, proud and open defiance to their evil law, great beauty to fight great evil. All the things that does to the heart. Then me and you are there in full health, and we see some Egyptian guard that isn't too happy about that. If we can't block his view, we're tired of being beat, grab him while I bash his face in the wall. Imagine the black slave camp in that crappy muslim island, and a women decides she's keeping the baby for herself instead of giving him up to be indoctrinated. All the people unite around a child's giggle and decide they're fighting back. Not all Egyptians were evil, and when they see an anti-death to babies army lead by the giggles of a rescued pack of cuties, they didn't want to see such monstrosities anymore and joined the Jews in their revolt. This explains why by the end of Pharaoh's refusals to let us go, he just was asking us to stay and not threatening us with work, we literally weren't slaves anymore by the end, the revolt of a couple giggling babies in the arms of Miriam got us freed. So there's a lesson that to save the babies she would get big reward, but since she did it with her whole heart and saved the babies while saying "poo poo" she went from 100% righteous to 10,000,000%(/100) righteous, so you should do good deeds with your whole heart, like give a small coin with a kind word.
All you have in your translation is Miriam and not Poua and the explanation so you miss my favorite story. If the people who hate Talmud studied it properly "l'shem shamayim" (for the sake of heaven), they would totally love it.
It's also extremely clear throughout the Tanach that you only are getting .1% of the story. For instance, Talmud teaches that men's hearts will be icy scared of saying "Hashem has no more plagues, ran out in Egypt", because when the Philistines stole the ark, they made statues of golden hemorrhoids (butt ones) and rats and sent it back as a gift as Torah writes. White you have no idea why they would want to make like a weird shaped ball that's hemmarhoidy from the written Torah, the "oral Torah" aka Talmud, explains that they said "Hashem was a ten-shot Hashem, now he's out of plagues so we can do whatever we want to Israel". Hashem displayed complete mastery over all levels of creation forever by giving all the citizens hemorrhoids in the cities where the ark was, and when they would go to the outhouse to poop painfully, rats would crawl out at the exact same time and bite the hemmaroids and they would bleed to death on the toilet. The debate on including that in written Torah ends with "it's too immodest" so it's just in Talmud, although of course what would be in Tanach was a completely divinely inspired part of Talmud. Torah just writes how many people died in each city as they moved the ark from place to place, but not how they died.
That part of Talmud is the part that discusses the Mishnah, which is way too profound for anyone to understand for millenia, so Talmud is Rabbis explaining Mishnah there. There are other things in Talmud that are not divine, just sort of what was happening that century. Like we debated with Greeks that the world was round because Torah says "He hung the world like a ball on nothing" and balls are round so it's a ball, and Greeks said it's flat and had some math that seemed to prove it, so even though Mishnah says the world's round, they said "must have meant it as a metaphor" and we all believed the world was flat until someone proved the Greeks wrong, and now we're back to the Mishnah on that, except for a couple thousand dumb Jews that hate Israel and don't let other Rabbis come talk to their kids or they'll see they're dumb, and whatever weird sects of Jews pop up and die out, we don't really worry about them. There's also whatever Rabbis write over the years till now, like "is electricity fire?" and the debate there.
Long story short: Hashem says "Torahs you recieved on mount Sinai" to Moses, and there's no second Torah, Hashem was saying Torah that he was given to write down and the oral instruction on what to do: that's Talmud. The massive army of American and otherwise Xtians that hate Talmud because their pastor or they read a Nazi poopoo page are simply trying to make up fake arguments to either convert Jews or more commonly, make people hate Jews.
It's easy to do it with Talmud because non-Torah scholars won't understand the point of it, and it takes me about a week to read a single page with the explanations so I actually know what I just read. If you put me in a group of Rabbis who studied the page in a day and I come after a week, the depth I get it reminds them of their five year old kids, and the advanced math in there requires levels of expertise I'm nowhere near capable of. So you have a mysterious book in a religion that most people don't know anything about, you can say literally anything about it and everyone will say "oh, kay yeah that's bad", it's like saying "the Masons control your house", what do you know about the Masons, yeah scary they're bad. Missionaries do it because reform Jews that they hunt usually know less about Talmud then they do and hate it twice as much, so it's easy for them to curse the thing that decided what words were in their bible to trick Jews into conversion.
I think I covered the topic pretty extensively here. If anyone wants to write the sources for what I wrote, that saves the world and I die a bit on the inside hunting names and numbers and not writing ideas so I didn't feel like it, you can complete it with this and take some of the mitzvah of studying Torah from this for yourself.
Talmud basically means learning, so write "Talmud Torah" and basically every Jew understands that as saying "Studying Torah".